US data center market

Name: US data centers (Datacenter Source)
Creator: Datacenter Source
License: https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/

Capacity online and in the pipeline, who owns and uses it, and which grids it depends on.

Datacenter Source tracks 1,935 data centers in the United States, including 82 AI campuses. Facilities that disclose power add up to 19.21 GW online and 30.88 GW in the pipeline. These are floors, not market size: 12% of facilities have a power figure. Largest operators by tracked MW: Meta, Oracle and Google. 57.65 GW has been announced; 20.84 GW is documented as operational.

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By state:Download CSV JSON API docsAll facilities:Download CSV JSON API docs

Floors, not market size. MW totals only add up facilities that disclose a figure (12% of 1,935 here); most sites don't, so the real totals are higher. “—” means not disclosed or not yet collected, never zero. CoverageData as of Oct 12, 2026

Facilities

1,935

108 campuses

Power online (floor)

19.21 GW

130 sites reporting

1%99%

Under construction (floor)

30.88 GW

planned MW at active sites

13%16%70%

Planned

—

74 planned sites (MW not disclosed)

AI campuses

15.09 GW online · 29.84 GW pipeline

AI compute

12.62M

H100-equivalents (est.)

Capital (reported + est.)

$498B

$34.16B assessed

Online = operating sites; pipeline = remaining planned MW at sites under construction or planned. Percentages under each total show how much of it is backed by each evidence level.

Confirmed filing, deed, permit or grid recordAnnounced company or press claimEst. satellite, model or map inferenceHow levels are assigned

AI data center capacity over time

Facility power at satellite-tracked AI campuses (Epoch AI timelines), quarterly

Observed (satellite-tracked) Projected

Construction pipeline by expected completion

MW from phases with a projected completion date

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

Power reality

Announced capacity vs. what grid records, construction and operation document. Facility-level sums; sources differ in coverage.

How to read this

Each bar sums one kind of evidence across facilities. Announced is the largest MW a company, utility, government or press source reported. Interconnection requests are MW in active large-load queue requests. Of the grid operators we ingest, only NYISO publishes these project by project. Contracted / approved means an executed interconnection agreement or a reported utility or power contract. Under construction and Operational come from construction records, imagery or operator reports.

The gap between announced and documented MW is capacity that has been claimed but not yet backed by a grid, construction or operating record. It is not proof a project won't happen. On-site generation is listed separately and never added to grid capacity. Method

Time to power puts each site's pending MW (announced minus operational) into a bucket by the midpoint of its evidence-based window. The window starts at the furthest documented stage and adds editorial ranges for what remains (e.g. announced: 2–5 yrs; land acquired: 2–4.5 yrs; planning / zoning: 1.75–4 yrs). Insufficient evidence means no dated stage evidence, not a delay. Windows are ranges, not forecasts. All ranges and rules

Announced57.65 GW
Interconnection requests—
Contracted / approved3.67 GW
Under construction27 GW
Operational20.84 GW

Plus 366 MW of documented on-site / dedicated generation.

13.79 GW announced at 22 sites has no grid, construction or operating record yet.

Pending MW by time to power

< 1 year10.51 GW · 13
1–2 years21.94 GW · 50
2–4 years14.63 GW · 96
4+ years— · 0
Insufficient evidence— · 14

Bucketed by the midpoint of each site's evidence-based window. Windows are ranges, not forecasts.

Largest gaps: announced vs documented

Meta Hyperion · LA5 GW / 2.2 GW
Quantum Frederick Project · MD2.4 GW / 0
PowerHouse Carlisle · PA1.35 GW / 0
OpenAI Stargate Milam · TX1.2 GW / 0
Meta El Paso Data Center · TX1 GW / 0
Tract Morris · IL1 GW / 0
Google Hermantown · MN1 GW / 0
Hut 8 Beacon Point · TX1 GW / 0
AVAIO Digital Little Rock · AR1 GW / 150 MW
Coreweave Helios · TX1.63 GW / 800 MW

Verified operating: 459Grid-backed: 9Under construction: 74Documented development: 84Announced only: 60Unverified: 1249

Interconnection queues

Active requests to connect to the grid (CAISO, ERCOT, MISO, PJM, SPP). Requests are applications, not commitments.

How to read this

A queue request asks a grid operator (ISO/RTO) to connect a new generator or large load to the transmission system. It then moves through studies (feasibility, system impact, facilities) before an interconnection agreement, construction and service. Filing is an application, not a commitment to build. Generation totals here are active requests only.

Why most aren't built: in the queue files we ingest, PJM: 52% of 8,147 requests withdrawn, 14% in service; MISO: 55% of 3,848 requests withdrawn, 2% in service. These are shares of each published file, not completion rates. SPP, ERCOT, CAISO are left out because their files don't include withdrawn requests. Queue sources

Data-center load requests are shown only where an ISO publishes them project by project (NYISO). Elsewhere, large loads go through utilities, and the ISO figures above (e.g. ERCOT's large-load tracking) are quoted from the operator's own documents.

Generation seeking interconnection1,399.08 GW · 6,954 requests

Solar 459.27 GWStorage 360.44 GWGas 172.58 GWWind 136.76 GWSolar + storage 99.36 GWUnknown 81.59 GWOffshore wind 38.71 GWHybrid 29.05 GW

ERCOT · Large loads seeking interconnection

410 GW

~87% data centers · as of 2026-03-26

“ERCOT is tracking approximately 410 GW of Large Loads seeking interconnection of which ~87% are data centers.”

ERCOT, 2026-04-09

Coverage

How much of this scope our sources describe. Low coverage means data isn't disclosed or not yet collected, not that there's nothing there.

Data as of Oct 12, 2026

Facilities with a power figure12% (241 of 1,935)

12%20%68%

Facilities with confirmed evidence30% (590 of 1,935)

Only estimated evidence (mapping or models)67% (1,300 of 1,935)

Confirmed evidence = at least one fact about the facility itself from a filing, deed, permit, interconnection record, or government or utility record. Regional context (state prices, nearby plants, utility territory maps) doesn't count. Most facilities come from OpenStreetMap, which records that a building exists but rarely its power, owner or status.

Coverage by States
State	Facilities	With power	Confirmed
Virginia	482	21%	87%
Texas	195	12%	8%
Oregon	136	4%(low)	0%
California	118	5%	2%
Ohio	99	11%	67%
Washington	72	1%(low)	0%
Arizona	67	6%	97%
Iowa	64	6%	0%
New Jersey	62	6%	2%
Georgia	58	7%	0%
Illinois	56	13%	2%
Pennsylvania	50	12%	4%
Nevada	41	5%	2%
New York	39	5%	0%
Tennessee	30	7%	0%
Nebraska	29	14%	0%
North Carolina	27	4%(low)	0%
Colorado	27	0%(low)	0%
Utah	24	29%	0%
Wyoming	24	8%	13%
Missouri	22	5%	0%
New Mexico	19	11%	0%
Minnesota	16	13%	6%
South Carolina	16	31%	0%
Florida	16	0%(low)	0%
Maryland	14	7%	7%
Indiana	13	46%	15%
Michigan	13	8%	8%
Alabama	13	23%	0%
Oklahoma	13	15%	0%
Wisconsin	12	25%	8%
Mississippi	10	40%	20%
Louisiana	7	71%	43%
Kansas	7	0%(low)	0%
Kentucky	6	17%	17%
North Dakota	5	40%	40%
Connecticut	5	0%(low)	0%
Montana	4	25%	25%
Idaho	3	33%	0%
Arkansas	3	33%	33%
Maine	3	0%(low)	0%
Massachusetts	3	0%(low)	0%
New Hampshire	3	0%(low)	0%
South Dakota	3	33%	33%
West Virginia	2	0%(low)	0%
Puerto Rico	2	0%(low)	0%
District of Columbia	1	0%(low)	0%
Vermont	1	0%(low)	0%